I would state that only #3 (legacy developer) exists as a long term career path. All others get replaced by younger and cheaper developers.

So no, ether you are stuck or you go the manager or architect route or freelance or consultant.

Detailed response:

The specialist knows some thing but the tech is changing fast, so 10 years later he might be a specialist in something outdated. The young developers are the specialists in the new topic or learn it quickly at half the pay.

The super developer will be 30% more effective but cost 50-100% more. Worse, he will get the complex tasks, be asked for help constantly and thus has a higher probability of failing.

The legacy developer knows something that is needed and nobody else cares to learn. So he is stuck in the current position until his retirement or until the legacy software is removed.

The career switcher will not find a job. If a company has an opening and two people apply, one 50% more expensive, which one will be picked? Usually he got his higher pay because he was a legacy developer to some degree.